标签波兰下的文章

弗罗茨瓦夫集市广场景观，摄自女巫桥，弗罗茨瓦夫，波兰 View of the Wroclaw Market Square from the Witches' Bridge in Wroclaw, Poland (© Piotr Mitelski/Shutterstock)

桥梁、屋顶与暮色 Bridges, rooftops, and twilight

从波兰弗罗茨瓦夫女巫桥看到的集市广场

暮色降临弗罗茨瓦夫，金色光芒洒满屋顶、教堂塔楼和中欧最引人注目的历史中心之一。这座位于波兰西南部的城市横跨多座岛屿和水道，由100多座桥梁连接，将中世纪建筑与充满活力的现代生活融为一体。城市中心是热闹的雷内克(Rynek)集市广场，该广场建于13世纪，哥特式老市政厅便坐落于此，它是弗罗茨瓦夫最易辨认的地标之一。

今日的景色拍摄于女巫桥，这座桥又称忏悔者之桥，是一座连接圣玛丽·抹大拉教堂双塔的人行桥。桥悬于距地面约148英尺的高处，从这里可以尽览老城区色彩缤纷的建筑立面、蜿蜒的街道和下方熙熙攘攘的集市广场。从拥有数百年历史的教堂和河畔步道，到博物馆与咖啡馆，弗罗茨瓦夫处处都能让游客有新发现。日落后，历史中心在夜空下熠熠生辉，这座城市显得格外迷人。

Market Square from the Witches' Bridge, Wroclaw, Poland

As twilight settles over Wroclaw, golden light spills across rooftops, church towers, and one of Central Europe's most striking historic centers. This southwestern Polish city spans islands and waterways linked by more than 100 bridges, blending medieval architecture with vibrant modern life. At its heart is Rynek, a lively Market Square established in the 13th century and home to the Gothic Old Town Hall, one of Wroclaw's most recognizable landmarks.

Today's view was captured from the Witches' Bridge, also known as the Bridge of the Penitents, a footbridge connecting the towers of St. Mary Magdalene Church. Suspended about 148 feet above the ground, it offers sweeping views of the Old Town's colorful facades, winding streets, and the bustling Market Square below. From centuries-old churches and riverside promenades to museums and cafés, Wroclaw rewards visitors with something new at every turn. After sunset, the city is especially enchanting as its historic center glows beneath the evening sky.

扎克舒夫附近的野生动物通道，波兰 Aerial view of a wildlife crossing near Zakrzów, Poland (© bbsferrari/Getty Images)

为动物脚掌而建，而非行人 Built for paws, not people

波兰扎克舒夫附近的野生动物通道

道路解决了一个问题，却悄然制造了另一个问题。人类出行速度前所未有地提高，野生动物世代沿用的迁徙路线却被公路切断，导致碰撞事故增加、栖息地破碎化，野生动物种群彼此隔绝。为应对这一挑战，人们建造了称为生态桥的野生动物通道：这些桥梁或隧道旨在重新连接栖息地，让动物安全穿越繁忙道路。最早的一些现代案例于20世纪50年代出现在法国，这一理念很快传遍欧洲。荷兰等国通过建造覆盖土壤及草本、灌木和乔木等本土植被的宽阔绿色桥梁，推动了生态桥设计的完善。

如今，世界各国都在使用这类通道。在美国，跨线桥和地下通道帮助加拿大马鹿、叉角羚、黑熊和佛罗里达美洲狮等物种安全穿过繁忙公路。有时，最聪明的桥就是那座你几乎注意不到的桥——因为野生动物把它视为森林的一部分，而非公路。

Wildlife crossing near Zakrzów, Poland

Roads solved one problem but quietly created another. People could travel faster than ever, while wildlife now faced highways cutting across routes they had followed for generations. The result was more collisions, fragmented habitats, and isolated wildlife populations. That challenge led to building wildlife crossings called ecoducts: bridges or tunnels designed to reconnect habitats and give animals a safe way across busy roads. Some of the earliest modern examples appeared in France during the 1950s, and the idea soon spread across Europe. Countries such as the Netherlands helped refine ecoduct design by building wide green bridges covered in soil and native vegetation, from grasses and shrubs to trees.

Today, countries around the world use these crossings. In the United States, overpasses and underpasses help species such as elk, pronghorn, black bears, and Florida panthers cross busy highways safely. Sometimes the smartest bridge is the one you barely notice—because wildlife sees it as part of the forest, not the highway.

位于莫特拉瓦河河畔的格但斯克市，波兰 Gdańsk on the banks of the Motława, Poland (© Oscar Dominguez/TANDEM Stills + Motion)

淡彩的梦境和静水 Pastel dreams and still waters

莫特拉瓦河河畔的格但斯克市，波兰

格但斯克是波兰滨海省一座充满活力的城市，鹅卵石铺就的魅力与清凉的海岸交相辉映。它是格但斯克湾沿岸的三联城（Tricity）的一部分，该区域包括邻近的沿海城市索波特和格丁尼亚市以及周边城镇。这座城市的名字很可能源于“Gdania”，这是流经该市的莫特拉瓦河（Motława）的早期名称。

这座城市起源于10世纪后期的一座斯拉夫人堡垒，最早的记载出现于997年，当时它受到了波兰国家的早期影响。几个世纪以来，格但斯克经历了波兰、德国和独立统治，每个时期都在该地区的特征上留下了印记。主城区吸引着大多数游客，尤其是沿着Ulica Długa（长街）和Długi Targ（长市场）的热闹长廊。这条步行街两侧是装饰华丽的大门，两旁排列着以17 世纪风格重建的庄严联排别墅，充满魅力。它曾是波兰皇室的礼仪之路，现在被亲切地称为皇家之路。这条道路像一座活生生的博物馆一样展开，点缀着高地门、琥珀博物馆、乌法根之家、主市政厅、海王星喷泉和宏伟的阿特斯法院等历史地标。

Gdańsk on the banks of the Motława, Poland

Where cobbled charm meets coastal cool, Gdańsk is a dynamic city in Poland's Pomorskie province. It is part of Tricity—a metropolitan area along the Gdańsk Bay that includes the neighboring coastal cities of Sopot and Gdynia, along with nearby towns. The city likely takes its name from 'Gdania,' an earlier name for the Motława river that runs through it.

The city originated as a Slavic fort in the late 10th century and was first recorded in 997, when it came under the early influence of the Polish state. Over the centuries, Gdańsk has experienced Polish, German, and independent rule, each leaving a mark on the region's identity. The Main City draws most visitors, especially to the lively promenade that runs along Ulica Długa (Long Street) and Długi Targ (Long Market). Flanked by decorative gates and lined with stately townhouses rebuilt in 17th-century style, this pedestrian stretch is steeped in charm. Once the ceremonial path for Polish royalty, it's now fondly known as the Royal Route. The path unfolds like a living museum, dotted with historic landmarks like the Highland Gate, Amber Museum, Uphagen's House, Main Town Hall, Neptune's Fountain, and the grand Artus Court.

城堡广场的圣诞树，华沙老城，波兰 Christmas tree in Castle Square, Old Town, Warsaw, Poland (© Panther Media GmbH/Alamy Stock Photo)

圣诞老人的波兰休息站 Santa's Polish rest stop

城堡广场的圣诞树，华沙老城，波兰

12月初，波兰华沙的大街小巷和广场都披上了节日的盛装。整座城市被圣诞装饰点缀得熠熠生辉，每到夜晚，闪闪发光的彩灯就会让这座城市变得生机勃勃。这场灯光秀点亮了整条皇家大道，从城堡广场的皇家城堡一直延伸到波兰首都华沙老城的尽头，最后汇聚到城堡广场上近30英尺高的圣诞树上。穿着厚外套的游客们在圣诞集市里闲逛，一边浏览着应季纪念品，一边品尝着热饮。自1980年起，皇家城堡和周围的老城区已被联合国教科文组织认定为世界遗产。

Castle Square, Old Town, Warsaw, Poland

From early December, the streets and squares of Warsaw, Poland's capital city, are dressed for the festive season. Christmas decorations light up the Royal Route, which extends south from the Royal Castle on Castle Square, where a nearly 30-foot-tall Christmas tree is installed for the holiday season, to Wilanów Palace. Bundled patrons wander through Warsaw's Christmas Market, browsing through seasonal souvenirs while savoring a warm beverage. The Royal Castle and surrounding Old Town have been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1980.

桥下和桥上的水流 Water under and over the bridge

渡槽，阿卡迪亚公园，波兰

阿卡迪亚公园位于波兰华沙附近，是由波兰贵族海伦娜·拉齐维乌设计的英式景观公园。公园的建筑和景观沾染着古代和中世纪的气息，比如这个仿造的罗马风渡槽。园内郁郁葱葱的绿植、宁静的流水以及精雕细琢的雕塑等，都诠释着公园的自然与艺术交融之美。今天，我们依旧可以透过阿卡迪亚公园，看到海伦娜·拉齐维乌不朽的艺术构想。

Aqueduct, Arkadia Park, Poland

Founded in 1778 by aristocrat Helena Radziwiłłowa, Arkadia Park is an English-style landscape park in central Poland. The park displays architecture and landscapes that evoke ancient and medieval eras, like this recreation of a Roman-style aqueduct. These features are brought to life by the garden's lush greenery, tranquil water, and intricately crafted sculptures throughout the grounds, which illustrate the beauty of intermingled nature and art. Today, Arkadia Park stands as a testament to Helena Radziwiłłowa's lasting vision and creative legacy.

Merry and bright

Germans began decorating Christmas trees with candles as far back as the 1700s, but people wouldn't begin stringing trees with electric lights until the late 1800s. Thomas Edison created the first practical incandescent lights and used them to decorate his Menlo Park Laboratory in 1880. Then three years later, the vice president of Edison's company, Edward H. Johnson, had Christmas tree bulbs especially made for him and he used them to decorate the Christmas tree in his New York City home. But they weren't popularized as a holiday decoration until President Grover Cleveland used them on the White House Christmas tree in 1894. Today, bright scenes like this one in Warsaw, Poland, wouldn't be complete without holiday lights.

If you're celebrating Christmas today, we wish you a merry one.

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