大沼泽地国家公园航拍景观，佛罗里达州，美国 Aerial view of Everglades National Park, Florida, USA (© Tetra Images/Getty Images)

顺流而行 Follow the flow

大沼泽地国家公园

今天是美国湿地月的最后一天，但对湿地生态的关注并不应随之结束。每年 5 月举行的这一全国性活动，旨在让更多人了解湿地这一美国最具生产力的重要生态系统之一。而位于佛罗里达州的大沼泽地国家公园，正是展现湿地力量的典型代表。从空中俯瞰，浅水、锯齿草、红树林与蜿蜒水道共同构成广阔景观，淡水从奥基乔比湖缓缓向南流动，塑造出独特生态环境。

大沼泽地国家公园面积约达 150 万英亩，是美国最大的亚热带荒野地区之一，也是众多鸟类、鱼类、爬行动物以及佛罗里达美洲狮等珍稀物种的重要栖息地。除了维持生物多样性，湿地还在生态系统中发挥着关键作用，例如过滤污染物、储存碳、减缓洪水，并为周边社区提供更洁净的水源。美国湿地月也提醒人们，无论从空中还是地面观察，这些水域景观都值得长期保护与关注。

End of American Wetlands Month

Today is the last day of American Wetlands Month, but don't let that bog you down. Take today to shine a spotlight on wetlands. Held throughout May, this national observance shines a spotlight on wetlands—some of the most productive ecosystems in the United States—and few places show their power quite like Everglades National Park. From above, Florida's iconic wetlands unfold as a vast patchwork of shallow water, sawgrass, mangroves, and winding channels, shaped by freshwater slowly flowing south from Lake Okeechobee.

Covering about 1.5 million acres, the Everglades is the largest subtropical wilderness in the country and a vital refuge for birds, fish, reptiles, and rare species such as the Florida panther. Wetlands also work behind the scenes, filtering pollutants, storing carbon, reducing floods, and helping supply clean water to nearby communities.

American Wetlands Month invites us to appreciate these watery landscapes—from above and on the ground—and recognize why protecting them matters long after May ends.

大沼泽地国家公园的蜘蛛网，佛罗里达州，美国 Spider webs in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA (© Troy Harrison/Getty Images)

佛罗里达州的生命湿地 Florida's living wetlands

庆祝大沼泽地国家公园成立78周年

在美国的最南端，延展着一片与众不同的自然奇景：大沼泽地。它既不是典型的沼泽，也不是河流，而是一片缓慢流动、浅而宽广的水域，从平坦的草原向南漂移，最终注入佛罗里达湾，它将森林、湿地、红树林与沿海草原连成一个庞大而复杂的亚热带生态网络。栖息着包括短吻鳄、海牛及濒危的佛罗里达美洲狮在内的数百种生物。1947年12月6日，美国设立了大沼泽地国家公园，保护面积超过150万英亩，并首次将保护重点从单一地标转向整体生态系统的保育。

如今日图片所示，蜘蛛网在芦苇间轻盈铺展，细丝在阳光下折射出细碎的光影。如今，大沼泽地已被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，然而它的生态平衡依旧脆弱：污染、城市开发以及水流改造，持续威胁着这片土地的生机。包括《大沼泽地综合修复计划》在内的重大生态项目，正致力于恢复自然水流、减少污染并限制城市扩张。在这片由湿地与水道交织的生态拼图中，生活着超过 350 种鸟类；美洲鳄与短吻鳄共栖同一片水域；佛罗里达美洲狮则在寂静的走廊间穿行。大沼泽地是一片仍在呼吸的土地。它提醒我们，保护自然，并非让生命静止，而是让它继续流动。

Celebrating 78 years of Everglades National Park

On Florida's southern tip lies one of the United States' most unusual landscapes. The Everglades is not a typical swamp or river. It is a slow, shallow sheet of water that drifts south across flat grasslands toward Florida Bay, linking forests, marshes, mangroves, and coastal prairies. This subtropical wilderness supports hundreds of species, including alligators, manatees, and the endangered Florida panther. On December 6, 1947, the United States established the Everglades National Park, protecting over 1.5 million acres and shifting conservation toward preserving entire ecosystems rather than isolated landmarks.

Spider webs stretch between reeds, catching light in fine reflections in the image featured today. The park is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, yet its balance remains fragile: pollution, development, and altered water flow still threaten its habitats. Major restoration efforts, including the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, aim to restore natural water patterns, reduce pollution, and limit urban expansion. Within this mosaic, over 350 bird species live, both American crocodiles and alligators share its waters, and panthers move through its quiet corridors. The Everglades endures as a working landscape, proof that protection means letting life keep moving.

一片斜纹松和锯齿草大沼泽地国家公园，佛罗里达州，美国 A stand of slash pines and sawgrass prairie, Everglades National Park, Florida, USA (© Jonathan Gewirtz/Tandem Stills + Motion)

欢迎来到大沼泽地 'Everglad' to be here

大沼泽地国家公园

90年前的今天，美国通过了一项法案，一个自然瑰宝也由此诞生：大沼泽地国家公园。这个位于佛罗里达州的公园囊括了美国最大的亚热带荒野。它占地150多万英亩，园区里生活着36种受联邦保护以及濒危的野生动物，如温顺的海牛、神秘的佛罗里达美洲豹。在这里，空气中回荡着350多种鸟类的叫声，如秧鹤、食螺鸢，水域中也是生机勃勃，有各种各样的鱼类，如锯盖鱼、红鱼，还有美洲鳄的身影。除了生物多样性之外，该公园还赢得了全球的认可，被联合国教科文组织评为世界遗产、国际生物圈保护区和国际重要湿地。因此，让我们向大沼泽地国家公园致敬！愿它可以继续为我们带来惊喜，并激发我们的好奇心以及欣赏周围野生世界的兴趣。

Everglades National Park marks 90 years

On this day 90 years ago, Congress passed an act that would lead to the creation of one of America's natural gems: Everglades National Park in Florida. It would be another 13 years before enough land was acquired to make the park a reality, but today it encapsulates the largest subtropical wilderness in the US. Spanning more than 1.5 million acres, the park is a lifeline to 36 federally protected and endangered wildlife species, from the gentle manatee to the stealthy Florida panther. Here, the air thrums with the calls of over 350 bird species like limpkins and snail kites, while the waters teem with life including hundreds of species of fish, sea turtles, and American crocodiles. Beyond its biodiversity, the park is celebrated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, an International Biosphere Reserve, and a Wetland of International Importance. Here's to Everglades National Park—may it continue to inspire wonder, curiosity, and appreciation for the wild world around us.

布尔日的沼泽，法国 Marshes of Bourges, France (© Tuul & Bruno Morandi/Getty Images)

城市中心的绿色天堂 'A haven of greenery in the heart of the city

布尔日沼泽，法国

布尔日沼泽位于布尔日城市的中心，占地135公顷，为人们提供了一个放松和探索的空间。在中世纪时期，这片沼泽地曾是抵御入侵的城市保护带。

今天，这些沼泽已经被分门别类地保护了起来，是法国仅存的商品蔬菜栽培沼泽之一。每年9月初这里会举行沼泽节日，届时会有彩灯花船游行和水上市场，为这里增添了节日气氛。这个神奇的地方会随着季节的变化而变化，吸引着无数的游客，无论是步行还是骑车，都可以一探这里独特的城市生态系统。

Labor Day

Labor Day is a well-earned day of rest for many workers across America. The food we eat, the shelter over our heads, and the transportation that moves us around all exist thanks to our collective labor. Organized labor movements grew in the 19th century, along with calls for a day to honor workers' contributions. The first Labor Day was celebrated with a parade in New York City in September 1882 and similar events spread throughout the country. In 1894, President Grover Cleveland signed a bill declaring the first Monday in September as Labor Day. Today, Labor Day marks the unofficial end of summer, but let's not forget to take a moment to give thanks for the work we all put in to take care of our communities, our families, and ourselves.

奥克弗诺基沼泽木板路上的西班牙苔藓，佐治亚州，美国 Spanish moss trees over a boardwalk in the Okefenokee Swamp, Folkston, Georgia (© Emmer Photo/Alamy)

你是否有勇气进入这片茂密的沼泽 Dare to delve into this dense swamp

奥克弗诺基沼泽

奥克弗诺基沼泽大部分位于佐治亚州东南部，是全美最大的淡水沼泽地。这片巨大又独特的生态系统覆盖了700平方英里的土地，生活着各种各样的野生动物，比如鹭、鹤、麻鸦、美洲短吻鳄、啄木鸟、乌龟、蛇、青蛙等。宁静的水域被有机物腐烂产生的单宁染成棕色。这片区域曾经是塞米诺尔印第安人的领地。到了现代，这片沼泽的一大部分已经被商业化了，这里的泥煤矿藏被作为燃料开采。

Okefenokee Swamp

The Okefenokee Swamp, on the border of Georgia and Florida, is the largest intact freshwater swamp in the US. Its slow-moving blackwaters are stained by tannins from decaying organic matter and this vast ecosystem, covering 700 square miles, is packed with wildlife. Herons, cranes, bitterns, American alligators, turtles, snakes, frogs, and Florida black bears are among creatures who roam the swamp, which is largely protected by the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge. In the early years of the 20th century, part of the swamp was logged, and its peat deposits were mined for use as fuel. Remnants of railroad lines can still be seen crossing swamp waterways as well as other equipment dating from its time as a logging area.

马萨诸塞州格洛斯特的沼泽地 Marshland, Gloucester, Massachusetts (© Thomas H. Mitchell/Getty Images)

像一张油画 Like paint on a canvas

沼泽地，格洛斯特，美国马萨诸塞州

在新英格兰灿烂阳光的照耀下，这片盐沼地里的耐盐植物和海水形成了色彩鲜明的对比。盐沼是水生食物链中重要的一环，同时也是孕育野生动植物的温床。

这片沼泽位于美国最古老的海港——马萨诸塞州的格洛斯特。这个宁静的夏季度假胜地很受欢迎，游客们可以在这里享受新鲜捕获的美味海鲜、迷人的海滩、沼泽、划船、参观博物馆。尽管格洛斯特有种让人昏昏欲睡的小镇气息，但它距离繁华的波士顿只有45分钟车程。

Marshland, Gloucester, MA

Lit by bright New England sunshine, this salt marsh shows a strong contrast of color between the sea water and the salt-tolerant grass that grows there. Salt marshes serve as a major contributor to the aquatic food web and a nursery for wildlife, both terrestrial and aquatic.

These marshes are located in Gloucester, Massachusetts, America's oldest seaport. Tourists frequenting this tranquil summer vacation spot enjoy freshly caught delicious seafood, stunning beaches, marshes, museums, and boating. Though Gloucester may have a sleepy, small-town feel, it's only 45 minutes away from the bustling state capital city of Boston. Oh, and it's pronounced 'glosster' unless you're from Massachusetts—then it's 'glosstah.'

鸟瞰Mockhorn岛野生动植物管理区沼泽地内的潮汐通道，弗吉尼亚 Aerial view of tidal channels in marshland of the Mockhorn Island State Wildlife Management Area, Virginia (© Shane Gross/Minden Pictures)

When does the tide come in?

From the air, this tract of Mockhorn Island on the Atlantic coast of Virginia's Eastern Shore could pass for gentle farmland. But what you're really looking at is rugged tidal marshland, visible when the tide is out—the rest of the time, much of this area is underwater. Mockhorn is itself part of Virginia's coastal island chain called the Barrier Islands, which run down the east coast of the state from the Maryland-Delaware border for about 70 miles, stretching to the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. The green vegetation you see is grass, although not the kind you'll find in a suburban lawn. Instead, it's saltmarsh cordgrass, a type of perennial deciduous species that grows in wetlands and salt marshes like this one.

The only way to access the tidal channels of Mockhorn Island is by boat, and plenty of kayakers, hunters, and sport fishers are willing to brave the fickle, windy weather to enjoy the island's labyrinth of sloughs, bays, and inlets. The area's also a great destination for bird watchers, as many bird species fly directly overhead while migrating. Historically, the rugged terrain and remote location of the Barrier Islands made them a great place for those running from the authorities—it's said that pirates, including Blackbeard himself, spent time in hiding in the backwaters of this rugged coast.

潮水什么时候来？

从空中看，这片位于弗吉尼亚东岸大西洋海岸的莫克霍恩岛可以算是一片温和的农田。但你真正看到的是崎岖不平的潮汐沼泽地，其余时间退潮时可见，这一地区大部分都在水下。莫克霍恩岛本身是弗吉尼亚州海岸岛链的一部分，称为障壁群岛，从马里兰州与特拉华州的边界沿该州东海岸延伸约70英里，一直延伸到切萨皮克湾的河口。你看到的绿色植被是草，虽然不是你在郊区草坪上看到的那种。取而代之的是盐沼灯心草，一种多年生落叶植物，生长在湿地和盐沼中。

进入莫克霍恩岛潮汐通道的唯一途径是乘船，许多皮划艇手、猎人和运动渔民都愿意冒着变化无常、刮风的天气，享受岛上迷宫般的泥沼、海湾和水湾。该地区也是鸟类观察者的好去处，因为许多鸟类在迁徙时直接从头顶飞过。从历史上看，障壁岛崎岖的地形和偏远的地理位置使它成为那些逃避当局的人的好去处。据说海盗，包括黑胡子本人，都在这个崎岖的海岸的穷乡僻壤中躲藏了一段时间。