大批熔岩流涌入大洋，大岛，夏威夷州，美国 A series of lava flows spill into the ocean, Big Island, Hawaii, USA (© Ken McCurdy/Getty Images)

基拉韦厄火山的威力 The power of Kīlauea

大岛上的熔岩流涌入海洋, 夏威夷

大多数地貌的演变历时数千年，而火山却能在短短数小时内重塑地貌——在夏威夷大岛，这一过程至今仍在持续。为了保护这一不断变化的环境及其所蕴含的科学与自然价值，夏威夷火山国家公园于1916年8月1日正式成立。一个多世纪以来，该公园一直致力于保护这片占地超过35万英亩的区域，其中包括火山地貌、原生森林以及各类珍稀野生动植物。

这座国家公园以其境内的两座火山——基拉韦厄和冒纳罗亚——命名。基拉韦厄是世界上最活跃的火山之一；在某些喷发期间，熔岩会顺坡而下流入太平洋，冷却后形成新的岩石。冒纳罗亚则是按体积计算全球最大的活火山，自1843年有明确记录的首次喷发以来，已喷发过34次。该公园也是多种珍稀生物的家园，其中包括夏威夷的州鸟——夏威夷雁，以及濒临灭绝的夏威夷圆尾鹱。值此周年纪念之际，这座公园继续守护着这片不断演变的动态景观。

Lava flows spill into the ocean on Big Island, Hawaii

Most landscapes change over thousands of years. Volcanoes can reshape them in a matter of hours, and on Hawaii's Big Island, they continue to do just that. Recognizing the scientific and natural importance of this ever-changing environment, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park was established on August 1, 1916. For more than a century, it has protected over 350,000 acres of volcanic terrain, native forests, and rare wildlife.

The national park is named after its two volcanoes—Kīlauea and Mauna Loa. Kīlauea is one of the world's most active volcanoes, and during some eruptions, its lava flows downhill to the Pacific Ocean, where it cools into new rock. Mauna Loa, the world's largest active volcano by volume, has erupted 34 times since its first well-documented eruption in 1843. The park is also home to species such as the nēnē, Hawaii's state bird, and the endangered Hawaiian petrel. As it marks another anniversary today, the park continues to protect a landscape that never stands still.

奥洛乌佩纳瀑布, 莫洛凯岛, 夏威夷, 美国 Olo'upena Falls, island of Moloka'i, Hawaii, USA (© Andrew Aylett/Getty Images)

洋溢着社区氛围 Overflowing with community

奥洛乌佩纳瀑布, 莫洛凯岛, 夏威夷

莫洛凯岛常被称为“最具夏威夷气息岛屿”，这里的节奏缓慢而从容，由自然环境与紧密相连的社区共同塑造。岛屿形成于一百多万年前的火山活动，占地约260平方英里，从太平洋中隆起，延展出修长的山脊与开阔的谷地。与喧闹的邻岛不同，莫洛凯岛拒绝大规模开发，保留了强烈的在地凝聚力，家庭、传统以及对土地的守护构成了这里的核心价值。人们的生活围绕着海洋、土地，以及代代相传的故事展开。

今天的画面中，奥洛乌佩纳瀑布矗立在岛屿北岸之上，从陡峭的海崖倾泻而下，落差达2953英尺。水源来自季节性降雨，水流常常散落成细密的银色水帘。环绕其间的海蚀峭壁高耸入云，跻身世界最高之列，只能通过直升机或船只抵达，为这片景观更添幽秘氛围。

如今，行走在莫洛凯岛宁静的道路上，面对空旷的海滩与亲密的社区，人们仿佛回到从前的夏威夷：安静而真诚，生活与土地紧紧相依。

Olo'upena Falls, island of Moloka'i, Hawaii

Moloka'i, often called the most Hawaiian of the islands, offers a slower rhythm shaped by nature and strong community ties. Formed by volcanic activity more than a million years ago, the island covers about 260 square miles and rises from the Pacific Ocean in long ridges and broad valleys. Unlike its busier neighbors, Moloka'i has resisted large-scale development, preserving a strong sense of local cohesion where families, traditions, and stewardship of the land encapsulate central values. Life here focuses on the ocean, the land, and stories passed down through generations.

Seen in today's image, Olo'upena Falls towers above the island's north shore. Dropping 2,953 feet down steep sea cliffs, the falls are fed by seasonal rains and often fan into delicate silver streams. The surrounding sea cliffs, among the highest on Earth, are accessible only by helicopter or boat, adding to their mystique.

Today, Moloka'i's quiet roads, uncrowded beaches, and close-knit community offer a rare chance to experience Hawaii as it once was—peaceful, welcoming, and deeply connected to the land.

纳帕利海岸的卡拉劳海滩, 可爱岛, 夏威夷, 美国 Kalalau Beach on the Nā Pali Coast, Kauai, Hawaii, USA (© Russ Bishop/DanitaDelimont.com)

远离尘嚣 Off the grid

纳帕利海岸的卡拉劳海滩, 可爱岛, 夏威夷

这里没有路标，也没有纪念品摊位，只有一条长达11英里的泥泞小径、险峻的峭壁以及开阔的视野，通向夏威夷最为偏远的海滩之一。卡拉劳海滩位于考艾岛卡拉劳步道的尽头，是所有辛苦徒步者最终踏上沙滩的奖赏。唯一的陆路就是这条小径，它穿越山谷，沿着海岸峭壁蜿蜒前行。夏季，一些游客会选择划皮划艇抵达，但无论采用哪种方式，所有在此停留的人都需要提前获得许可。

早在露营许可证和生态厕所出现之前，这片偏远的土地便已养育了世代的夏威夷原住民。依靠淡水溪流和肥沃的土壤，早期夏威夷人在这里修筑石砌梯田，种植芋头这种在热带和亚热带广泛栽培的块茎作物。捕鱼、耕作以及与土地之间深厚的精神联系构成了他们的日常生活。至今，神庙遗迹和住宅遗址仍隐藏在山谷的褶皱之中。到了20世纪20年代，由于疾病、西方接触以及土地用途的改变，大多数居民已迁离。近几十年来，一些向往离网生活的人曾来到此地寻求避世，直到州政府实行保护措施。如今的卡拉劳既神圣又迷人，每一波拍岸的海浪都仿佛在低语，诉说着历史的沧桑与传承。

莫洛基尼，毛伊岛，夏威夷，美国 Molokini Crater, Maui, Hawaii, USA (© Douglas Peebles/eStock Photo)

迎合所有人口味的景点 Cratering to all tastes

莫洛基尼火山口，毛伊岛，夏威夷

今天我们来到了莫洛基尼火山口。它是太平洋中的一个迷人“月牙”，位于夏威夷的毛伊岛和卡霍奥拉维岛之间的阿拉拉凯基海峡中。小岛是约23万年前火山喷发后留下的遗迹形成的。关于小岛的形成，还有另一个说法。在夏威夷的神话中，火女神佩蕾爱上了一个名叫莫欧的男人，问题是莫欧爱着另一个女人。佩蕾的复仇往往很暴力：她把情敌切成了两半，对方的身体变成了莫洛基尼，脑袋变成了普奥莱，即毛伊岛上的火山渣锥。

如今的莫洛基尼火山口是一个热门的潜水和浮潜胜地，月牙般的地形，可以保护潜水员免受海浪和强大水流的侵袭，使他们能够尽情欣赏美丽的珊瑚礁，这里的能见度达到150英尺，生活着至少250种鱼类，包括黑鳞鲀和鹦嘴鱼，以及38种硬珊瑚和约100种藻类，这片海是如此可爱，你是不是忍不住想去游玩呢？记住！到了那里千万别惹怒佩蕾！

Molokini Crater, Maui, Hawaii

Today we're at Molokini Crater. This pleasant crescent in the Pacific Ocean lies in the 'Alalākeiki Channel between the Hawaiian islands of Maui and Kaho'olawe. The islet is all that remains of a volcano that erupted about 230,000 years ago. According to Hawaiian mythology, Pele the fire goddess was in love with a man named Mo'o. The trouble was that Mo'o was in love with another woman. Pele's revenge was typically violent: She cut her rival in two, her body becoming Molokini, while her head became Pu'u Olai, a cinder cone on Maui.

Molokini Crater these days is a prime scuba and snorkeling destination; the islet's crescent shape protects divers from waves and currents, allowing them to enjoy the reef. This habitat is home to at least 250 species of fish, including black triggerfish and parrotfish, as well as 38 species of hard coral, and some 100 species of algae. So, come on in, the water's lovely. Just be sure not to anger Pele.

哈纳之路，毛伊岛，夏威夷，美国 Road to Hana, Maui, Hawaii (© Matteo Colombo/Getty Images)

放慢脚步，享受旅途！ Slow down, enjoy the journey!

哈纳之路，毛伊岛，夏威夷

游客们经常把夏威夷和放松画上等号，但作为该地最著名的景点之一的哈纳之路，可能会让你紧紧抓住方向盘。这条公路沿着毛伊岛的北部海岸，从卡胡卢伊延伸到宁静的哈纳镇，全长64英里，有600多个弯道和许多单行道桥梁。行车途中需要集中注意力，所以不要忘记在郁郁葱葱的雨林和层层叠叠的瀑布前停下来放松一下。哈纳之路沿途的亮点包括天然小径、双子瀑布和怀阿纳帕纳帕州立公园的黑沙滩。

Road to Hana, Maui, Hawaii

With more than 600 curves and numerous one-lane bridges, it's best not to relax too much while navigating Hawaii's famous Road to Hana. It's hard to stay focused though, as the road winds its way through lush surroundings over 64 miles along the northern coast of Maui, from Kahului to Hana. Make a few stops along the way to get the best views of the rainforests and waterfalls that line the route. Popular attractions include the Waikamoi Ridge Trail, the easily accessible Twin Falls, and the black sands of Wai'ānapanapa State Park.

怀阿纳帕纳帕州立公园的黑沙滩，茂宜岛，夏威夷，美国 Black sand beach at Wai'ānapanapa State Park, Maui, Hawaii (© Matt Anderson Photography/Getty Images)

热带天堂的黑沙滩 Black sands in a tropical paradise

怀阿纳帕纳帕州立公园，茂宜岛，夏威夷

黑色沙滩通常是怎样形成的？有两种情况：第一种情况，海浪冲刷海滩时，深色的、较重的矿物质留了下来；第二种情况则发生在怀阿纳帕纳帕州立公园的这片沙滩，玄武岩（一种黑色的火山岩）被海浪侵蚀成细小的颗粒，形成了令人惊叹的黑色沙滩。你可以在茂宜岛东侧，哈纳之路的尽头找到这个海滩。类似的黑沙滩遍布世界各地，包括阿拉斯加、加利福尼亚、希腊、哥斯达黎加、意大利、冰岛、印度尼西亚和新西兰等地。

Wai'ānapanapa State Park, Maui, Hawaii

Brooding black sand beaches are popular with photographers looking for something a little different, and Hawaii has plenty of them on offer. This famous beach at Wai'ānapanapa State Park on Maui was created when basalt, a dark volcanic rock, was eroded by waves into fine grains, creating a stunning shoreline. You'll find it on Maui's east side, toward the end of the legendary Road to Hana, a scenic 64-mile highway. You can also find black sand shores around the world, from Alaska to Greece, Costa Rica, Italy, Iceland, Indonesia, and New Zealand.

大岛上的霍瑙瑙国家历史公园，夏威夷 Pu'uhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park, Big Island, Hawaii (© Westend61/Getty Images)

追逐彩虹 Chasing rainbows

寻找彩虹日

每年的4月3日是美国的国家寻找彩虹日。阳光穿过空中的小水珠时，小水珠就成了天然的透镜，这些彩色的奇观就产生了。彩虹是阳光的折射产生的，因此彩虹永远都在太阳的对面。

夏威夷是经常出现彩虹。在大岛上的霍瑙瑙国家历史公园，这里的山地地形、干净的空气和风形成了产生彩虹的完美环境。

National Find a Rainbow Day

Happy National Find a Rainbow Day!  These colorful natural marvels appear when light strikes water droplets, creating a natural prism effect. So, areas that have plenty of sunshine and showers are a good place to start your search.

And where better to look than Hawaii, said to be the rainbow capital of the world? At Pu'uhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park on the Big Island, a combination of mountains, clear air, and trade winds bringing rain showers helps create the perfect conditions for rainbow sightings.

威美亚峡谷和怀波奥瀑布上空的彩虹, 考艾岛, 夏威夷, 美国 Rainbow over Waimea Canyon and Waipo'o Falls, Kauai, Hawaii (© Beverley Van Praagh/Getty Images)

雨后见彩虹 A rainbow that's worth the rainfall

威美亚峡谷上空的彩虹，夏威夷

威美亚峡谷被誉为“太平洋大峡谷”，是风景如画的怀波奥瀑布所在地。瀑布和峡谷河流的源头来自地球上降雨量最多的地方之一怀厄莱阿莱峰。大约400万年前，考艾岛火山坍塌了一部分，形成了一个洼地，随着威美亚河流的不断侵蚀，洼地逐渐变成了如今的威美亚峡谷。考艾岛地形多变，风景各不相同，如果你想探寻考艾岛的多样性，可以离开海滩，沿着蜿蜒的550高速公路进入山区，在到达怀波奥瀑布观景台之前，你会在沿途收获海岸和峡谷的壮丽景色。

Waimea Canyon and Waipo'o Falls, Kauai, Hawaii

Waimea Canyon, sometimes referred to as the Grand Canyon of the Pacific, is home to the picturesque Waipo'o Falls. The water that flows through the falls and canyon descends from Mount Wai'ale'ale, one of the rainiest places on Earth. Around 4 million years ago, a portion of the volcanic Kaua'i collapsed, creating a depression that the Waimea River has further eroded into today's canyon. If you want to see the true variety of Kauai, leave the beach behind and take winding State Route 550 into the mountains. Along the way you will see stunning views of the shore and the canyon before arriving at the lookout for Waipo'o Falls.

毛伊岛附近的座头鲸，美国夏威夷 Humpback whales, Maui, Hawaii (© Flip Nicklin/Minden Pictures)

海洋之王 King of the ocean

毛伊岛鲸鱼节

在座头鲸巨大体型的衬托之下，你会觉得自己是如此的渺小。成年座头鲸体长达46-56英尺以上，是地球上最大的哺乳动物之一。夏威夷毛伊岛每年都会举办鲸鱼节，游客们可以参加观鲸活动，近距离接触这些美丽的庞然大物。座头鲸是须鲸的一种，以擅长唱歌而闻名，它们嘹亮优美的歌声甚至可以在水中传到“千里之外”。有趣的是，每个鲸鱼群都有自己的鲸歌，并且只有雄性鲸鱼才唱歌。此外，鲸鱼还是河马的远亲，它们是从同一个祖先进化而来。

Humpback whales in Maui, Hawaii

If you ever want to feel insignificant, just think about the sheer size of a humpback whale. With adults growing up to more than 46-56 feet, humpback whales are one of the biggest mammals on Earth. In Hawaii, you can get the opportunity to go on a whale-watching tour during the Maui Whale Festival and get up close with these giant, beautiful creatures. A species of baleen whale, humpback whales are known for their long elaborate songs, which travel far distances through the waters. Each whale population has its own song, and interestingly, it is only the males that sing. Also, did you know that whales are distant relatives of hippos? Both species evolved from a common ancestor.

漏出“天窗”的熔岩管，夏威夷火山国家公园 Skylight into an active lava tube, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii (© Tom Schwabel/Tandem Stills + Motion)

世界上最活跃的火山 The most active volcano in the world

Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park at 106

The orange glow of a lava tube like the one pictured here is a frequent site on Hawaii's Kilauea, the youngest volcano on one of the youngest islands on Earth. In near constant eruption for the last 40 years, Kilauea is widely considered the most active volcano in the world and is the main attraction at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, which was created on this day in 1916. The park, which was designated an International Biosphere Reserve and a World Heritage Site, also includes another active volcano, Mauna Loa, the world's most massive shield volcano—Mauna Loa last erupted in 1984. Together, they are among the most studied volcanoes in the world.

The volcanoes of the Big Island of Hawaii offer a real-time glimpse into the ongoing creation of the entire Hawaiian island chain, a process that has been underway for tens of millions of years. Hawaii as we know it owes its existence to a volcanic hotspot on the seafloor. Magma seeps from this hotspot and turns into solid rock. Once enough magma is extruded, the rock breaks the surface of the sea and becomes an island. The island continues to grow until the Pacific tectonic plate moves the island off the hotspot. The hotspot remains stationary, constantly creating new islands. In fact, the next Hawaiian island, named Loihi, is about 20 miles from Hawaii and 3,000 feet below the surface of the ocean. In less than 100,000 years, it is expected to replace the Big Island as the youngest island in the chain, and it too will have its turn at hosting visitors who buy timeshare condos.

Hawaiian religion credits the creation of Hawaii to Pele, the goddess of fire and volcanoes. Possessing a fiery temper and a passionate nature, she is said to make her home in the Halema'uma'u caldera here on Kilauea. From her volcano home she controls the flow of lava and frequency of eruptions. According to modern legend, she sometimes wanders near the park as an old woman wearing a red muumuu, with a white dog, as a warning that a new eruption is soon to come.

106号夏威夷火山国家公园

图中所示的橙色熔岩管辉光是夏威夷基拉韦厄岛上的一个常见地点，基拉韦耶岛是地球上最年轻岛屿之一上最年轻的火山。在过去40年中，基拉韦厄火山几乎持续喷发，被广泛认为是世界上最活跃的火山，是1916年创建的夏威夷火山国家公园的主要景点。该公园被指定为国际生物圈保护区和世界遗产，还包括另一座活火山，莫纳罗亚，世界上最大的盾状火山莫纳洛上次喷发是在1984年。加在一起，它们是世界上研究最多的火山之一。

夏威夷大岛上的火山可以实时观察整个夏威夷岛链的形成过程，这一过程已经持续了数千万年。众所周知，夏威夷的存在得益于海底的火山热点。岩浆从这个热点渗出，变成固体岩石。一旦足够的岩浆被挤出，岩石就会冲破海面，变成一个岛屿。该岛继续增长，直到太平洋构造板块将该岛移出热点。热点保持静止，不断形成新的岛屿。事实上，下一个夏威夷岛，名为Loihi，距离夏威夷约20英里，海拔3000英尺。预计在不到10万年的时间里，它将取代大岛，成为这一链条中最年轻的岛屿，轮到它接待购买分时度假公寓的游客。

夏威夷宗教将夏威夷的诞生归功于火与火山女神贝利。她脾气暴躁，生性热情，据说住在基拉韦厄岛的Halema'uma'u火山口。她在火山口的家中控制着熔岩的流动和喷发的频率。根据现代传说，她有时会在公园附近漫步，就像一个穿着红色muumuu的老妇人，带着一只白色的狗，作为新火山爆发即将到来的警告。