大批熔岩流涌入大洋，大岛，夏威夷州，美国 A series of lava flows spill into the ocean, Big Island, Hawaii, USA (© Ken McCurdy/Getty Images)

基拉韦厄火山的威力 The power of Kīlauea

大岛上的熔岩流涌入海洋, 夏威夷

大多数地貌的演变历时数千年，而火山却能在短短数小时内重塑地貌——在夏威夷大岛，这一过程至今仍在持续。为了保护这一不断变化的环境及其所蕴含的科学与自然价值，夏威夷火山国家公园于1916年8月1日正式成立。一个多世纪以来，该公园一直致力于保护这片占地超过35万英亩的区域，其中包括火山地貌、原生森林以及各类珍稀野生动植物。

这座国家公园以其境内的两座火山——基拉韦厄和冒纳罗亚——命名。基拉韦厄是世界上最活跃的火山之一；在某些喷发期间，熔岩会顺坡而下流入太平洋，冷却后形成新的岩石。冒纳罗亚则是按体积计算全球最大的活火山，自1843年有明确记录的首次喷发以来，已喷发过34次。该公园也是多种珍稀生物的家园，其中包括夏威夷的州鸟——夏威夷雁，以及濒临灭绝的夏威夷圆尾鹱。值此周年纪念之际，这座公园继续守护着这片不断演变的动态景观。

Lava flows spill into the ocean on Big Island, Hawaii

Most landscapes change over thousands of years. Volcanoes can reshape them in a matter of hours, and on Hawaii's Big Island, they continue to do just that. Recognizing the scientific and natural importance of this ever-changing environment, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park was established on August 1, 1916. For more than a century, it has protected over 350,000 acres of volcanic terrain, native forests, and rare wildlife.

The national park is named after its two volcanoes—Kīlauea and Mauna Loa. Kīlauea is one of the world's most active volcanoes, and during some eruptions, its lava flows downhill to the Pacific Ocean, where it cools into new rock. Mauna Loa, the world's largest active volcano by volume, has erupted 34 times since its first well-documented eruption in 1843. The park is also home to species such as the nēnē, Hawaii's state bird, and the endangered Hawaiian petrel. As it marks another anniversary today, the park continues to protect a landscape that never stands still.

阿蒂特兰湖的日出，危地马拉 Sunrise at Lake Atitlán, Guatemala (© shayes17/Getty Images)

远古火山的回响 Echoes of a volcanic past

日出在阿蒂特兰湖，危地马拉

阿蒂特兰湖（Lake Atitlán）坐落于危地马拉西部高地，占据了一处巨大的破火山口。其深蓝色的湖水被陡峭的火山口壁以及阿蒂特兰（Atitlán）、托利曼（Tolimán）和圣佩德罗（San Pedro）这三座锥形火山所环绕。木质码头向静谧的湖面延伸，勾勒出平静水面与火山活动造就的崎岖地形之间的强烈对比。

该湖形成于约 8.4 万年前的一次大规模火山喷发，通常被认为是中美洲最深的湖泊，深度达 1,100 英尺（约 335 米）左右。陡峭的断崖环绕着盆地，将湖水笼罩在一个宏伟的“天然剧场”之中，无声地诉说着其剧烈的爆发式起源。

湖面之下隐藏着拥有 1,500 多年历史的玛雅水下遗址，其中包括暗示了昔日繁荣湖岸文化的祭祀建筑残骸。沿岸的卡克奇克尔（Kaqchikel）和楚图希尔（Tz'utujil）玛雅社群依然传承着他们的语言和纺织传统，其日常生活仍与这片高地景观的律动紧密相连。

Sunrise at Lake Atitlán, Guatemala

Set in Guatemala's western highlands, Lake Atitlán fills a vast volcanic caldera. Its deep blue waters are framed by steep crater walls and the cone-shaped volcanoes Atitlán, Tolimán, and San Pedro. Wooden piers stretch into the still lake, emphasizing the contrast between its calm surface and the rugged terrain shaped by volcanic activity.

Formed about 84,000 years ago after a massive eruption, the lake is often considered the deepest in Central America, reaching depths of roughly 1,100 feet. Steep escarpments encircle the basin, enclosing the water in a dramatic natural amphitheater that echoes its explosive origins.

Beneath the surface lie traces of submerged Maya sites more than 1,500 years old, including remnants of ceremonial structures that hint at a once-thriving lakeside culture. Along the shore, Kaqchikel and Tz'utujil Maya communities continue to preserve their languages and weaving traditions, their daily lives still closely tied to the rhythms of this highland landscape.

俯瞰那不勒斯湾和维苏威火山，意大利 Looking over the Gulf of Naples towards Mount Vesuvius, Italy (© ezypix/Getty Images)

迷人的海湾风光 'Charming bay scenery

那不勒斯湾和维苏威火山，意大利

那不勒斯湾（意大利语：Golfo di Napoli）是位于意大利西南海岸（大都市区那不勒斯，坎帕尼亚地区）的一个海湾，宽约15公里，向西通往地中海。那不勒斯湾因风景优美而闻名，是著名的旅游区，沿岸有陡峭的火山峰，包括维苏威火山等活火山以及庞贝古城、赫库兰尼姆古城遗址。海湾入口处有卡普里岛、伊斯基亚岛和普罗奇达岛等风景名胜。据说罗马皇帝卡里古拉在海湾上建造了一座船桥，他身穿亚历山大大帝的盔甲，乘坐战车横跨海湾。

莫洛基尼，毛伊岛，夏威夷，美国 Molokini Crater, Maui, Hawaii, USA (© Douglas Peebles/eStock Photo)

迎合所有人口味的景点 Cratering to all tastes

莫洛基尼火山口，毛伊岛，夏威夷

今天我们来到了莫洛基尼火山口。它是太平洋中的一个迷人“月牙”，位于夏威夷的毛伊岛和卡霍奥拉维岛之间的阿拉拉凯基海峡中。小岛是约23万年前火山喷发后留下的遗迹形成的。关于小岛的形成，还有另一个说法。在夏威夷的神话中，火女神佩蕾爱上了一个名叫莫欧的男人，问题是莫欧爱着另一个女人。佩蕾的复仇往往很暴力：她把情敌切成了两半，对方的身体变成了莫洛基尼，脑袋变成了普奥莱，即毛伊岛上的火山渣锥。

如今的莫洛基尼火山口是一个热门的潜水和浮潜胜地，月牙般的地形，可以保护潜水员免受海浪和强大水流的侵袭，使他们能够尽情欣赏美丽的珊瑚礁，这里的能见度达到150英尺，生活着至少250种鱼类，包括黑鳞鲀和鹦嘴鱼，以及38种硬珊瑚和约100种藻类，这片海是如此可爱，你是不是忍不住想去游玩呢？记住！到了那里千万别惹怒佩蕾！

Molokini Crater, Maui, Hawaii

Today we're at Molokini Crater. This pleasant crescent in the Pacific Ocean lies in the 'Alalākeiki Channel between the Hawaiian islands of Maui and Kaho'olawe. The islet is all that remains of a volcano that erupted about 230,000 years ago. According to Hawaiian mythology, Pele the fire goddess was in love with a man named Mo'o. The trouble was that Mo'o was in love with another woman. Pele's revenge was typically violent: She cut her rival in two, her body becoming Molokini, while her head became Pu'u Olai, a cinder cone on Maui.

Molokini Crater these days is a prime scuba and snorkeling destination; the islet's crescent shape protects divers from waves and currents, allowing them to enjoy the reef. This habitat is home to at least 250 species of fish, including black triggerfish and parrotfish, as well as 38 species of hard coral, and some 100 species of algae. So, come on in, the water's lovely. Just be sure not to anger Pele.

克里穆图的火山口湖，弗洛勒斯岛，印度尼西亚 Volcanic crater lakes on Kelimutu, Flores, Indonesia (© Shane P. White/Minden Pictures)

让人心旷神怡的美景 The views will blue your mind

克里穆图，弗洛勒斯岛，印度尼西亚

也许您以前见过一些颜色独特的湖泊，但是当您看到印度尼西亚的弗洛勒斯岛上的克里穆图火山口湖后，可能还是会大吃一惊。这个自然奇观拥有三个湖泊，每个湖泊都有自己的颜色和民间传说，吸引着那些寻求超凡脱俗旅行体验的游客。地球深处的火山喷口释放出蒸汽和气体，改变了这些湖泊的矿物成分，导致它们的外观颜色会发生周期性变化。克里穆图的每一个火山口湖都有自己独特的化学成分，这就是为什么它们可以同时呈现不同的颜色，并且这些颜色可以独立变化。最西边的老人湖通常呈现出蓝色调，与此同时，青年湖通常呈现出绿色调，而魔力湖则通常呈现出红色调。当地的利奥人崇敬这些湖泊，认为它们是灵魂的安息之地。如果您已经厌倦了普通的海边旅行，不妨去克里穆图探索这三个能变色的神奇湖泊。

Kelimutu, Flores, Indonesia

You might have seen lakes with some unique colors before, but Indonesian island of Flores, with its volcano Kelimutu, may steal the show. Home to three lakes, each with its own hue and folklore, this natural wonder attracts travelers seeking an otherworldly experience. Volcanic vents deep within the Earth release steam and gas, which alter the lakes' mineral compositions, causing reactions that transform their appearance periodically. Each lake on Kelimutu has its own unique chemical makeup, which is why they can be different colors from each other at the same time, and these colors can change independently. The westernmost lake, Tiwu Ata Bupu (Lake of Old People), normally has a blue hue. Meanwhile, Tiwu Ko'o Fai Nuwa Muri (Lake of Young Men and Maidens) tends to be green, and Tiwu Ata Polo (Bewitched or Enchanted Lake) is usually red.

The local Lio people revere these lakes, believing them to be the resting place of souls. So, why settle for the usual beachside vacation when you can explore a trio of color-changing lakes?

从蒙特维多看到的阿雷纳尔火山, 哥斯达黎加 Arenal Volcano seen from Monteverde, Costa Rica (© Lukas Bischoff/Getty Images)

睡美人 A sleeping beauty

睡美人

热带国家哥斯达黎加在向你招手！图中展示的圆锥形的阿雷纳尔火山高达5437英尺，屹立于周围的热带雨林以及该国最大的湖泊阿雷纳尔湖之上。1968年，在一次大规模的喷发中，这座沉睡的火山咆哮着苏醒了，当时的岩石飞溅了半英里多。而最近一次的大规模火山活动发生在2010年，如今，这座曾被熔岩照亮过山峰正处于休眠状态。对于观鸟者而言，阿雷纳尔火山国家公园是一个必游之地，公园内拥有500多种鸟类，除此之外，该公园还是各种动植物的家园，包括赤短角鹿、美洲狮、白脸卷尾猴、兰花、蝎尾蕉和蕨类植物。高高的阿雷纳尔火山俯瞰着这些热带树木，形成了一副壮观而美丽的风景。

Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica

Greetings from tropical Costa Rica! The conical Arenal Volcano rises to an impressive height of 5,437 feet, standing tall above the surrounding rainforest and Lake Arenal, the largest lake in the country. The sleepy mountain roared to life in a massive 1968 eruption that buried about 6 square miles under rocks, lava, and ash and devastated three villages. The last significant volcanic activity there took place in 2010, and the once lava-lit peak is currently dormant. With over 500 species of birds, Arenal Volcano National Park is a must-visit location for birdwatchers. The park is also home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, including red brocket deer, pumas, white-faced monkeys, orchids, heliconias, and ferns. Arenal makes for an imposing and beautiful sight, towering over the tropical trees.

城山日出峰，济州岛上的凝灰岩锥，韩国 Seongsan Ilchulbong, a tuff cone on Jeju Island, South Korea (© Quynh Anh Nguyen/Getty Images)

一个酷炫的凝灰岩火山口 A 'tuff'-tastic crater

济州岛，韩国

济州岛上充满奇观，火山、古老石像、瀑布和岩石海岸，还有今天图片中的主角，城山日出峰，是岛上罕见的凝灰岩锥，由5000年前的一次海底火山喷发而形成。城山日出峰于2007年被列入联合国教科文组织世界自然遗产名录。

Jeju Island, South Korea

The South Korean island of Jeju is full of wonders. If you don't have a chance to visit its volcanic landscape, ancient stone statues, waterfalls, and rocky coastline, you can dive into the island's fascinating chronicles from the comfort of your computer. The star of today's image, Seongsan Ilchulbong (Sunrise Peak), is the island's rare tuff cone formation, created by an underwater volcanic eruption about 5,000 years ago. Tuff cones are also called ash cones, referring to the accumulated ash settling in a cone formation after the lava's forceful explosion. Seongsan Ilchulbong was added to the UNESCO World Natural Heritage List in 2007.

阿雷纳尔火山，蒙泰韦尔德，哥斯达黎加 Arenal Volcano seen from Monteverde, Costa Rica (© Kevin Wells/Getty Images)

为了每个人，保护地球的生物多样性 Protecting Earth's biodiversity for everyone

世界生物多样性日

今天是世界生物多样性日，也是个回顾生物多样性在人类历史发展和续存过程中的关键作用的机会。从细菌、基因到整个生态系统，生物多样性囊括所有形式的生命，包括珊瑚礁、雨林和海洋环境等。我们的水、食物、药品、衣服、住所和能源都依赖于健康的生态系统。

在地方生态系统对世界生物多样性的影响方面，哥斯达黎加的蒙特维多云雾森林是个完美范例。这片森林是哥斯达黎加约一半生物的家园，占世界生物多样性的2.5%。今天，我们可以认真思考人类与世界生态系统的关系，并努力成为更好的地球管家。

International Day for Biodiversity

It’s International Day for Biological Diversity, a day to celebrate the variety of life on Earth in all its forms, from bacteria, plants, and animals to entire ecosystems like coral reefs and rainforests. All living things within each ecosystem are interconnected, and we rely on healthy ecosystems for our water, food, medicines, clothes, energy, and shelter. But many species are threatened with extinction and ecosystems are being destroyed, which mean Earth’s rich biodiversity is in decline.

Our homepage image shows Costa Rica’s Monteverde Cloud Forest, home to about half of all species in the country, including more than 2,500 types of plants and 400 bird species. Here you’ll find jaguars and pumas living alongside sloths, howler monkeys, and the endangered resplendent quetzal. This forest alone represents about 2.5% of the world’s biodiversity, the perfect ambassador for today’s event, which calls on us to rethink our relationship with nature and work to be better stewards of the Earth.

普埃布拉天主堂和波波卡特佩特火山，普埃布拉，墨西哥 Church of Nuestra Señora de los Remedios and Popocatépetl, Puebla, Mexico (© Radius Images/Shutterstock)

从胜利到欢庆 From victory to festivity

普埃布拉，墨西哥

与许多人的看法相反，5月5日并不是墨西哥的独立日。
真正的墨西哥独立日是在每年的9月16日庆祝。
而5月5日是为了庆祝在1862年的这一天墨西哥在普埃布拉战役中战胜法兰西帝国。虽然这一天是为了纪念一个重大的历史事件，但墨西哥的庆祝活动相对平静，主要集中在普埃布拉。

在墨西哥，这一天被称为“普埃布拉战役日”，因为当时的墨西哥总统贝尼托·巴勃罗·胡亚雷斯·加尔卡
(Benito Pablo Juárez Garca) 于 1862
年宣布这一节日为国定假日。今天，普埃布拉人民通过游行、演讲和战斗重演来庆祝。图中的 普埃布拉天主堂又称济世圣母教堂(Nuestra Señora
de los Remedios )在普埃布拉战役爆发时已经有将近 300 年的历史。

Cinco de Mayo

Contrary to what many people believe, Cinco de Mayo is not Mexico's Independence Day, which is celebrated on September 16. Instead, May 5 marks Mexico's victory over better-equipped French forces at the Battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862. Although the French Empire would counterattack and take the city a year later, the unexpected victory was a morale boost which still has symbolic significance. While in the US, Cinco de Mayo is a popular festival celebrating Mexican American culture, celebrations in Mexico are relatively quiet and focused mostly on Puebla.

In Mexico, the celebration became known as Battle of Puebla Day after President Benito Juárez declared it a national holiday in 1862. Today, the people of Puebla celebrate with parades, speeches, and battle reenactments. The Church of Nuestra Señora de los Remedios in Puebla, pictured here, was already nearly 300 years old when the 1862 battle was fought. And human history is just the blink of an eye to ancient Popocatépetl, the smoking volcano which towers over Puebla in the background of our homepage image.

爪哇岛东部的婆罗摩火山，印度尼西亚 Mount Bromo in East Java, Indonesia (© Bento Fotography/Getty Images)

这座缥缈的山在哪里？ Where is this ethereal mountain?

婆罗摩火山，爪哇岛东部，印度尼西亚

婆罗摩火山是一座活跃的索玛火山，海拔约2393米，位于婆罗摩腾格里国家公园内，这里风景优美，日出景观尤为壮丽，是印度尼西亚爪哇岛东部最具标志性的景点之一。其名字来源于爪哇语“梵天”的发音，梵天是印度教的创造之神。

婆罗摩火山是腾格尔火山口中唯一的活火山，周围铺满细细的火山沙，宛如沙海。过去的二十年里，这座火山已经爆发了四次。

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java, Indonesia

Welcome to the spectacular Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, on the Indonesian island of Java, famous for stunning sunrises and its dramatic landscape. Here, a massive ancient volcano erupted thousands of years ago and inside its collapsed crater, more volcanoes formed.

To the left, spewing smoke and steam, is Mount Bromo, one of the most iconic sites in East Java, which has erupted at least four times in the last 20 years. In the forefront of the picture, with trees creeping up the sides, is Mount Batok, which is no longer active, while Java's highest mountain (and active volcano) Semeru, is visible in the background. The Tengger Sand Sea, a vast area of fine volcanic sand, wraps around five volcanoes inside the caldera. No wonder this massive national park is sometimes referred to as the land of sand and fire.